Teaching in Australia - 1785 Words

Teaching: Complexities In Teachers Work In Australia The objective of this study is to discuss important complexities in teachers work. According to Churchill, et al (2013) The commitment to teaching brought to the studies and careers of teachers confirms that todays teachers and teachers previously genuinely love to learn and have a great desire to teach. Churchill et al (2013) states that this deep commitment to humanity and making a difference in the lives of the next generation are among the qualities of people drawn to a career in teaching. (p.4) Some students are able to recall the teacher that transformed their lives and as stated by an experienced teacher and teacher educator Whatever the situation the influence teachers have on their students I long lasting and can be profound. Good teaching makes a difference in the lives of children and young people. (Pugach, 2009, p.1 in: Churchill, et al, 2013, p.4) The experiences of students in the classroom result in children discovering their potential for the future and in acquiring the necessary knowledge as well as the skills needed to follow their dreams for the future as well as in their development of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors toward society. (Church, et al, 2013, p.4) Churchill, et al states that teaching as a profession in the twenty-first century involves the apprenticeship of observation. 2013, p.5) Teaching in the present also is characterized by both continuity and change. (Churchill, etShow MoreRelatedTeaching and Learning Rate of Change (Slope) in Senior Secondary Schools in Australia1524 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysing understanding is an essay which will discuss the researched issue of Teaching and Learning of ’rate of change (slope)’ in Senior Secondary Schools in Australia. Students require a contextual knowledge of slope â€Å"so that they come to see slope as a graphical representation of the relati onship between two quantities’ (Center for Algebraic Thinking (CAT), 2014). Without the multiple understandings required to master ‘rate of change’ and algebra many students are ill equipped to go on to levelsRead More Online Teaching – Now and the Future Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesOnline Teaching – Now and the Future Online teaching is defined as any educational activity that requires a student to complete some learning or assessment activity via a personal computer and a connection to a network (Murdoch University Academic Council 1999). This network connection is usually to the Internet (Demirdjian 2002). It is a seen by the Murdoch University Academic Council as a teaching and learning technology, not a method of study (2002), but this depends on how it is to be usedRead MoreArticle Review 2. Lin, T., Wang, S., Grant, S., Chien,794 Words   |  4 PagesArticle Review 2 Lin, T., Wang, S., Grant, S., Chien, C., Lan. Y. (2014). Task-based teaching approaches of Chinese as a foreign language in Second Life through teachers’ perspectives. Procedia Technology, 13, 16-22. The aim of the paper was to combine the task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach with the 3D multiuser virtual environment (MUVE) Second Life into the pedagogy of teaching Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) for Chinese language learners in a major Australian university. It alsoRead MoreThe Church And Its Impact On The Environment1509 Words   |  7 PagesCatholic adherents are participating to a significant extent in the ever increasing ethical concern of the environment, in compliance with Church teaching. The environment is quickly becoming one of the greatest topics of debate in modern times as the impacts of climate change and deforestation become more and more apparent to the world, and is arguably man’s next greatest ethical concern. Regardless of one’s stance on ecological issues it is hard to argue that a change in our behaviour isn’t neededRead MoreEssay about Taking a Closer Look at the Golding Sisters831 Words   |  4 Pagesfirsthand understanding of women’s needs and Catholic social teaching principles to sway opinions of those who didn’t support women’s equality. Evidence of their work is still evident today with women in Australia enjoying equality in society, freedom of speech, equal pay and vocations. The Golding Sisters lobbied for women’s rights to equal pay and employment. Annie Mackenzie (1855-1934) and Isabella Therese (1864-1940) began their careers teaching in both public and catholic schools (Kingston, 2013).Read MoreIntercultural Communications: Cultural Stereotypes And Communication With Foreigners1807 Words   |  7 Pagesinevitable. Majorly, this occurs unconsciously as people learn to interact with individuals in who are foreign to them and whose culture differs significantly from theirs. A case in point is the changes that have been witnesses among Italians in Australia, especially as regarding their involvement with the social and linguistic environments within the region. However, changes do that occur within the cultural and linguistic front happens not with one party alone, say the immigrants, but also affectsRead MoreThe Integration Of Chinese International Students1350 Words   |  6 PagesAustralian Multicultural Society Australia is a multicultural and multiracial country. After the end of The Immigration Restriction Act 1901, an unprecedented number of immigrants has shifted to Australia from diverse cultural backgrounds, which accelerate the expansion of Australian multiculturalism (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Among all the immigration groups, along with the Europeans, labourers and business people from Asia countries have shifted to Australia to promote the Australian globalisationRead MoreExploring Loss Of Culture And The Social And Political Outcomes Based On Inequality And Mistreatment920 Words   |  4 Pagesrecognize how being taken from your ancestral land, and removed from your community would create a disconnectedness with â€Å"White Australia† and that Aboriginal Australians are still affected by past experiences today (Price Rose, 2012). Main teaching activities Students will be exploring an inquiry question throughout the unit of â€Å"How did connectedness get broken?† (Education Australia, 2013). Within this inquiry unit students are exploring loss of culture and the social and political outcomes based onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Refuge By Jackie French1526 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom his homeland with his grandmother to Australia. On the dangerous boat journey from Indonesia to Australia, they encounter a terrible storm where Faris falls unconscious and wakes up living his dream life in Australia. However, he has no recollection of how he got there. Whilst on the beach, he meets a strange group of children all from different times and places. Faris soon discovers that each child is like him, a migrant who travelled to Australia searching for a better place. Each child isRead MoreNursing Is Defined As Moral And Medical1490 Words   |  6 PagesAustralian overall exercises breaks on a solid basis of nursing teaching and guidan ce (Pascoe et al., 2009). Nurses working in overall perform in Australia need a structure of ongoing instruction and learning to care their obligations and adopt the expansion of the situation as a feasible profession choice for nurses (Pascoe et al., 2009).This essay will critically compare and contrast the development of nursing and nursing education between Australia and United States of America (USA). Furthermore, this will

Difference Between Black and White Free Essays

Audrey Edwards propagates her belief that blacks must only marry blacks for the simple reason that whites continue to feel superior to blacks because the latter were their slaves at one time. Apparently, the difference between the whites and the blacks of the United States is deep-rooted – going back to early America where Europeans had brought African slaves. Although slavery was abolished in the centuries to come, the huge socioeconomic difference between the white masters and their black slaves was to remain at the level of the subconscious mind of America. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Black and White or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the subconscious mind to the culture of America – it was effortless for the â€Å"difference† between black and whites to make a transition. In a newspaper report published in the year 1957, the Governor of Arkansas maintained that peace was not possible without racial segregation, that is, without strict adherance to the concept of white privilege, which is defined as â€Å"a special advantage or benefit of white persons; with reference to divine dispensations, natural advantages, gifts of fortune, genetic endowments, social relations, etc.  (Clark)† Integration was virtually impossible, in other words, and racial tension was expected to rise as a result of the discussions about letting the African Americans and the whites study together in an academic institution (â€Å"Act To Block Integration in Arkansas†). After all, the concept of white privilege entailed that the whites were socially and intellectually superior to the blacks, and therefore could not study with those that were inferior to them. In a racial riot like the one that was expected back in 1957, the African Americans were expected to fight for their self-esteem. The white Americans, on the contrary, were expected to protect their notion of superiority by fighting back. It appears to be a fact that the â€Å"difference† was mainly maintained by the whites as opposed to the blacks. The blacks were fighting for equal rights during the Civil Rights Movement of America. In response to the racial abuses they had suffered at the hands of the whites who had considered themselves superior to their slaves of the past; the blacks had to be compensated by means of affirmative action. Affirmative action is defined as a â€Å"policy that gives a preference to individuals based upon their belonging to designated groups who are underrepresented not only in the most desirable occupational classes, but also in school admissions and government contracts. † Those who are underrepresented thus can be referred to as disadvantaged groups, seeing as they do not have a powerful representative voice to speak for their rights. The policy of affirmative action serves as a blessing for the disadvantaged groups for this reason, by not only adding extra points to the credit of the members of disadvantaged groups when performance evaluation is called for, but also by allocating extra funds to recruit such members of the community. Whereas the opponents of affirmative action claim that it is injustice to favor a group just because it is considered â€Å"disadvantaged,† proponents of the policy assert that affirmative action is necessary to right the wrongs of the past with respect to discrimination and/or racism (Boylan). In other words, in the absence of affirmative action, discrimination and/or racism may very well continue in almost any if not all spheres of life. The â€Å"difference† between whites and blacks has definitely seeped into the culture of America from its subconscious mind where the history of the nation is stored. If the whites of America had not used the services of black slaves in the past, there would have been no question of white privilege, and America would not have found it useful to combat racism with affirmative action. In actuality, white privilege translates into obvious racism, which is a belief system claiming that individuals can be superior to others solely on the basis of race. The theory of racism has led to much violence and genocide in the world. It was racism that led the Nazis to slaughter the Jews simply by believing that the latter were inferior. The theory of racism seems to have been applied everywhere in the world, even though universal values inform us that people who are superior are only those who do good in this world. Would universal values, therefore, be able to end the â€Å"difference†? The answer appears to be Yes. Even so, the collective memory of America will not be eradicated, and nobody can force the whites, in particular, to forget that the blacks were their slaves in the past. The â€Å"difference† is expected to be maintained at some level. Finally, it is worthy of note that without the great socioeconomic divide between the blacks and the whites in America’s early memories, there would have been no conflict whatsoever. How to cite Difference Between Black and White, Papers

The black table free essay sample

Why didnt Graham sit at the black table when he was in junior high? Graham thought by sitting at the all black table he would be making an anti-white statement, and he would lose all of his white friends. He didnt want to separate into a group; he believed people who separated themselves room others are the cause of people not communicating well with different religion or racial groups. Graham indicated in his excerpt that segregated tables is a comment on the superficial inroads that integration has made in society. S. When he was a junior high school student, whom did graham blame for the existence of the exclusively black lunch table?Whom or what does he now see as the cause of the tables existence? In junior high school Graham blames the blacks for the existence of the black table he believed they isolated and segregated themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on The black table or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In actuality the existence of the table was everyone else who segregated themselves, it was because they were only focused on the black table and couldnt seem to see that the other tables around them were just as the black table just with their type of people. The black table free essay sample Graham thought by sitting at the all black table he would be making an anta- white statement, and he would lose all of his white friends. He didnt want to separate into a group; he believed people who separated themselves from others are the cause of people not communicating well with different religion or racial groups. Graham indicated in his excerpt that segregated tables is a comment on the superficial inroads that integration has made in society. 5.When he was a Junior high school student, whom did graham blame for the existence of the exclusively black lunch table? Whom or what does he now see as the cause of the tables existence? In Junior high school Graham blames the blacks for the existence of the black table he believed they Isolated and segregated themselves. In actuality the existence of the table was everyone else who segregated themselves, It was because they were only focused on the black table and couldnt seem to see that the other tables around them were just as the black table just with their type of people. We will write a custom essay sample on The black table or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Graham explains maybe its the color difference that makes all-black tables or all-black groups attract scrutiny and wrath of so many people. The black table ay verisimilitude Iranian Miller The Black Table is Still There Lewis girls table, a Jewish boys table, a table of kids who were into heavy metal Inhere they sat in the cafeteria because the students segregated themselves to sit Ninth people they can merely relate too. 4.Why didnt Graham sit at the black table when he was in Junior high? Graham thought by sitting at the all black table he would be making an anti- Unite statement, and he would lose all of his white friends. He didnt want to table he believed they isolated and segregated themselves. In actuality the existence of the table was everyone else who segregated themselves, it was because they were around them were Just as the black table Just with their type of people.

Museum Project Essays

Museum Project Essays Museum Project Essay Museum Project Essay 10 November 2010 Museum Project Ansel Adams, The Tetons and The Snake River, Grand Teton National Park. 1942. Gelatin Silver Print. Featured at Phoenix Art Museum. Phoenix, Arizona. Ansel Adams (1902-1984) was born in San Francisco, California. Being raised in the shadows of the great Golden Gate Bridge was the motivation for his deep appreciation for nature and his early childhood would become his primary inspiration to pursue photography. Strangely enough the 1906 earthquake made a permanent mark on him as he was thrown to the ground breaking his nose. When he was 17 he gained his early experience and inspiration by working for the Sierra Club at the Clubs LeConte Memorial Lodge, in Yosemite National Park. Ansel eventually became a photographer for the clubs annual outings. He is best known as a visionary figure for natural photography as well as for his passion in preserving the wilderness. In 1980, Ansel received the prestigious Presidential Medal of Freedom for his efforts to preserve the wilderness. He played a significant role in the environmental consciousness of the United States and his photography, to this day; continue to inspire both artists and conservationist (Adams 6)(Ansel). The genre is photography. The picture is of mountains in the backdrop, with a river flowing in front of it surrounded by forest. The three characteristics to describe the piece would be; perspective, value and composition. From the William Cronon website we learn of the two different perspectives in this photo. The author states that the first is a vantage-point perspective. This perspective gives us a stunning image of the landscape. The second perspective would be the birds-eye perspective where the viewer is distanced from the actual elements in the picture giving them an overall view of the picture (Hung). The print is Geletin Silver, which provides the very rich blacks and grays. The value that is instilled in each part of the print makes the prints beauty just unfold before your eyes, giving you the feeling of almost being there. It value distinguishes the shapes and objects from one another in the photograph. Mr. Adams composition shows how he framed the photo to center the mountain and the river. The river leads our eyes to the mountain or looking down from the mountain to the river flowing in front of us. According to Ansel Adams, the picture represents bringing information about earth to the alien civilization. The purpose is showing what life on earth is. The picture gives us the raw beauty of the Teton Nation Park (Van-buskirk). His love for landscape and nature show as he literally brings this picture alive. To me it shows us what the National Parks were and should always be, left as nature intended them to be. Having an absolute love for nature and photography this picture captured my eye immediately and literally left me in awe. Alfredo Ramos Martin, La Malinche (Young Girl of Yalala Oaxaca). 1940’s. Oil on Canvas. Featured at The Phoenix Art Museum. Phoenix, Arizona. Alfredo Ramos Martinez (1872 – 1946). He was born on November 12, 1872. His parents were from Monterrey Mexico, in the state of Nuevo Leon. His father was a middle-class storekeeper. His mother was very supportive of his artistic endeavors. He became a true artist very early at the young age of 9 by sending a portrait he painted of the governor of Nuevo Leon to a competition in San Antonio, Texas. This portrait won first place! Ramos caught the eye of American Phoebe Hearst by his work of painted ordinary life scenes, which he mastered after getting fed up with the system while attending the prestigious Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes in Mexico City for 8 years. His life scene work was created while he was still at the Academia. He was bored of the current curriculum and during those times where he would wander off tired of drawing from plaster casts is when he began crafting his style. Phoebe is the person who made arrangements to financially support his studies abroad. So in 1897 he went to Paris where he mastered his trade in the streets by embracing the Post-Impressionists style. This is where Ramos started painting on newsprint (Martinez). The genre of this painting is Latin American. The painting is of a young Aztec Indian woman. Three characteristics to describe the piece would be line, shape and color. Ramos is using diagonal lines in the background to draw you into the beautiful girl. His lines will guide you and lead you to the center of the painting, which is the young girl. It will make you command the attention of her, who is his main focus. Ramos further uses large shapes in his portraits, which again demand your attention, making her bold and beautiful. The shapes are large ad organic from the shape of her face to the shape of her lips, and all that are in between. The colors of browns and blacks make the picture warm and comfortable and also represent the genre it is from. It gives you the feeling of being there in the young woman’s culture as those colors represent the Indian culture. The portrait represents a young woman in the Aztec Indian culture as a heroine. It gives us an inside look at the women of this time and culture. His use of colors and boldness represent the strong women in the culture and their beauty, as the true heroines they are not the harlots some made them out to be. This portrait stopped me literally in my footsteps. I had to take a second and even a third look as the boldness, the strength and pure simplicity of the woman in the picture calls out to you demanding your attention. I fell in love at first site (La Malinche). Sandy Skoglund, Fox Games, 1989. Sculpture in clay. Featured at The Denver Art Museum. Denver, Colorado. Sandy Skoglund was born September 11, 1946. She currently resides in New York City where she has a studio and is a teacher at Rutgers University. Most of her childhood was spent in California, where her later work would get its influence. Sandy earned a B. A. from Smith College, where she studied art history and her M. A. and M. F. A. she received from the University of Iowa. She also studied art history at the Sorbonne and Ecole du Louvre in Paris, France during her junior year of college. It was in the late 70’s that Sandy took a new direction when commercial image making inspired her. Her work normally features Surrealist tableaux composed of bright colors and numerous recurring objects. Sandy Skoglund has had her work has been displayed in numerous museums around the country; such as Dayton Art Institute, Denver Art Museum, and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Some of her most famous work is the Radioactive Cats and Revenge of the Goldfish. Sandy will create an environment like Fox Games and then photograph the piece and then exhibit the piece along with the photograph (The Free Library)(Fantasy). The genre of this sculpture: Fox Games, is Modern/Contemporary. The piece or pieces are of gray foxes in red rooms looking for food and playing amongst each other. Three characteristics to describe the piece would be form, texture and color. The form in this piece is the playful foxes, which are made of clay and are three dimensional and they are the visible elements of the piece. These pieces being of clay sculpture also show the texture of the pieces by touching the rough and smooth surfaces. You can also get the visual feel of the texture just by looking at the pieces. You see the lines and carvings in each piece. You can see where the pieces are smooth and rough in the texture of the clay. One of the most visual aspects of these pieces of art is the color and contrast. She uses the color red to represent the fear (the nightmare) while she uses the contrast of the soft gray foxes to give you more of the feeling of calmness (dreamlike). It leaves you feeling a bit confused by which message she is trying to convey. Sandy’s work represents surrealism and conceptualism as stated by The Nelson-Atkins Museum. The Nelson-Atkins Museum goes on to say that the pieces are humorous and inviting into almost a dreamlike interpretation but at the same time representing your worst nightmare (Nelson-Atkins).

46 Back-to-School Quotes to Help Get You Motivated

46 Back-to-School Quotes to Help Get You Motivated Vacations are over, and its time to head back to school. Tis the season of  teachers revising lessons and of students stocking up on school supplies and preparing for new classes. You can share some  motivational back-to-school quotes with your children to help encourage them to achieve, and you can share them with your favorite educators, too. Our education-themed list also contains quotes for people going to the school of hard knocks. Plus, we offer a few clever asides and quips from authors and comedians to a former president. Inspirational Quotes for Students Help students realize the importance of  education  with these quotes: Martin H. Fischer All the world is a laboratory to the inquiring mind. Ray LeBlond You learn something every day if you pay attention. E.C. McKenzie Sign on a high school bulletin board in Dallas: Free every Monday through Friday- knowledge. Bring your own containers. Ernest Renan The simplest schoolboy is now familiar with truths for which Archimedes would have sacrificed his life. Dana Stewart Scott Learn as much as you can while you are young, since life becomes too busy later. Alvin Toffler The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. Mark Twain Training is everything. The peach was once a bitter almond; cauliflower is nothing but cabbage with a college education. Quotes About Teachers and Schools Need some quotes about educators and schools? Look no further: Susan B. Anthony If all the rich and all of the church people should send their children to the public schools they would feel bound to concentrate their money on improving these schools until they met the highest ideals. T.H. Huxley I care not what subject is taught, if only it be taught well. E.C. McKenzie Education helps you earn more. But not many schoolteachers can prove it.Schoolteachers are not fully appreciated by parents until it rains all day Saturday. Donald D. Quinn If a doctor, lawyer, or dentist had 40 people in his office at one time, all of whom had different needs, and some of whom didnt want to be there and were causing trouble, and the doctor, lawyer, or dentist, without assistance, had to treat them all with professional excellence for nine months, then he might have some conception of the classroom teachers job. Lily Tomlin ï » ¿I like a teacher who gives you something to take home to think about besides homework. Inspirational Quotes for Educators Educators might also enjoy some inspirational quotes geared toward their chosen profession: Malcolm S. Forbes Educations purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one. Sydney J. Harris The whole purpose of education is to turn mirrors into windows. Margaret Laurence Holidays are enticing only for the first week or so. After that, it is no longer such a novelty to rise late and have little to do. Richard Livingstone If the school sends out children with a desire for knowledge and some idea of how to acquire and use it, it will have done its work. Ralph W. Sockman The larger the island of knowledge, the longer the shoreline of wonder. Ricky Williams I allowed myself to think if I could be doing anything in the world, what would I be doing? And what came to mind is Id be traveling a little bit, Id be going to classes, and Id be going back to school. Quotes on Life and Learning Here are some quotable lines about the value of education outside of school, the teacher being reality. Anonymous Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school. Tom Bodett The difference between school and life? In school, youre taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, youre given a test that teaches you a lesson. Winston Churchill I am always ready to learn although I do not always like being taught. W. Edwards Deming Learning is not compulsory...but to survive, we must learn. Peter De Vries We all learn by experience but some of us have to go to summer school. Ralph Waldo Emerson You send your child to the schoolmaster, but tis the schoolboys who educate him. Martin H. Fischer Education aims to give you a boost up the ladder of knowledge. Too often, it just gives you a cramp on one of its rungs. Ivan Illich Together we have come to realize that for men the right to learn is curtailed by the obligation to attend school. George Bernard Shaw What we want is to see the child in pursuit of knowledge, and not knowledge in pursuit of the child. Ernest Shackleton I do not know what moss stands for in the proverb, but if it stood for useful knowledge...I gathered more moss by rolling than I ever did at school. Oscar Wilde Education is an admirable thing, but it is well to remember from time to time that nothing worth knowing can be taught. Henny Youngman In elementary school, many a true word is spoken in guess. Silly and Pithy Quotes According to some well-known names, education has its lighter moments: Gracie Allen Smartness runs in my family. When I went to school I was so smart my teacher was in my class for five years. Erma Bombeck Being a child at home alone in the summer is a high-risk occupation. If you call your mother at work 13 times an hour, she can hurt you. A. Whitney Brown Our bombs are smarter than the average high school student. At least they can find Kuwait. George Carlin When I got out of high school they retired my jersey, but it was for hygiene and sanitary reasons. Bill Dodds Labor Day is a glorious holiday because your child will be going back to school the next day. It would have been called Independence Day, but that name was already taken. Peter Drucker When a subject becomes totally obsolete, we make it a required course. Finley Peter Dunne It doesnt make much difference what you study, so long as you dont like it. Robert Gallagher Anyone who thinks the art of conversation is dead ought to tell a child to go to bed. Edgar W. Howe If there were no schools to take the children away from home part of the time, the insane asylums would be filled with mothers. Elbert Hubbard You can lead a boy to college, but you cannot make him think. Doug Larson Home computers are being called upon to perform many new functions, including the consumption of homework formerly eaten by the dog. Henry Louis Mencken Sunday school: A prison in which children do penance for the evil conscience of their parents. John Updike The Founding Fathers...provided jails called schools, equipped with tortures called an education. School is where you go between when your parents cant take you and industry cant take you. Ronald Reagan But there are advantages to being President. The day after I was elected, I had my high school grades classified top secret. Joan Welsh The only educational aspect of television is that it puts the repairman’s kids through college.

Hedging an Equity Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hedging an Equity Portfolio - Essay Example Cross hedging capabilities may depend on various factors. First is the degree in which the spot and futures currencies are negatively or positively correlated. Secondly, this also depends on the level of accuracy of the estimated risk-minimizing cross-hedge factors. In addition, time is an important factor in this process and therefore the capability of cross hedging depends on the stability of the optimal cross hedge proportions over a given duration or period of time. Moreover, this also depends on the potential risk reduction from portfolio cross-hedging. A hedger is any individual or institution that minimizes the variance of expected monetary returns on a currency spot position with regards to a position in the currency’s corresponding future contract. There are various reasons for hedging in a financial set up. First is for the purposes of managing volatility in cash flows. Secondly, hedging is important for the purposes of checking the market value of an organizationâ⠂¬â„¢s shares. Hedging is also used for the purposes of managing volatility in accounting earnings. In addition, the management of balance sheet accounts and ratios can also benefit from hedging. For fund managers, performance information with regards to their hedging activities should be provided without restrictions or resistance from the fund manager. This is because funds may avoid reporting because of poor results. Such funds usually have below average returns in comparison to other funds and in addition, omitting them may result in an upward bias. On the other hand, there might be other funds that have become very successful as a result of growth in areas that they may not have actually wished to attract new investments. These funds may also decide to leave the database for a very different reason. Tentatively, their performance is likely to be superior to that of the average fund. Whereas there might be difficulties in attaining accurate estimates of these two effects, it is believed that the reported returns are usually biased upwards. Secondly, hedge fund databases have a limitation of reporting data only on funds still in existence or those that are new and rapidly growing. Funds that are no longer active are usually eliminated from the database. This practice in turn leaves an upward bias to performance statistics. This is because funds that are closed are likely to be poorly performing. Another type of bias can be referred to as the instant history bias. This occurs when a fund is included on the database for the first time and is therefore permitted to backfill its historical records. This type of bias could be estimated through the calculation of the average of the returns since introduction and later comparing them to the average returns since the fund joined the database. There are different hedge fund styles that are applicable in the financial markets today. Generally, hedge funds are not strictly regulated investment components that engage the use of a wide range of

Proposal to apply in Phd program in applied linguistics Thesis

Proposal to apply in Phd program in applied linguistics - Thesis Example Monolithic Arabization of language policy and planning in an equally autochthonous environment of transformation would more likely produce some hetero-linguistic phenomena such as surrealist literature on the subject of linguistic dynamism and context-centric adaptation (Coulmas, 1994). The institutional parameters that have been put in place in countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have basically helped in this process of Arabization of policy and planning environments (Sharkey, 2008). This study would be focused on the institutional, governmental and academic influences on linguistic transformation of the Arab society. This proposal attempts to identify the underlying causes of Arabization with a view to understanding a very significant body of knowledge that has been either ignored or less emphasized due to convenience and as an effort to avoid embarrassment. Arabization is not a simple process of language and culture enrichment. In fact it is a rigorous effort at acculturating an otherwise independent linguistic process of enrichment. This process requires to be explained in greater detail with particular emphasis on the merits and demerits of linguistic acculturation of a societal paradigm. Literature Review The literature review of this research effort would focus attention on the dynamic relations between Arabization of language policy and planning environments within the Arab world as already existing literature